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Psychodrama

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What is psychodrama?

Psychodrama is a form of psychotherapy developed by J. L. Moreno. Alongside talking, the person uses action, movement and objects to explore their inner experience, interpersonal conflicts and distressing situations. As they gain awareness, they take an active role in change, which can help ease symptoms.

Consider P., aged 40, who comes to the practice after several courses of therapy. She has learned assertive communication and self-regulation techniques because she argues with her mother. In a psychodrama session, she acts out how she relates to her mother and realises that when they argue she sits on the floor, just as she did as a child. She can then explore other ways of communicating that go beyond choosing a technique, using objects such as puppets to explore how she communicates and what shapes her response.

Materials used in psychodrama
Materials used in psychodrama

What is a psychodrama session like?

A psychodrama session has three parts:

  • Warm-up: The person talks about how they feel and how things have been since the last session. This helps identify what to work on in the session.
  • Enactment: The person acts out situations using the relevant psychodrama techniques.
  • Remarks: The person reflects on the enactment and shares how it felt.

How does psychodrama work?

Since a healthy personality consists of integrating what we think (cognitive), what we feel (emotional) and where we feel (bodily) and what we do (behavioral), this psychotherapeutic model deepens through work from the symbolic, thanks to creativity and spontaneity with respect, as it is the person at the stage of dramatization, connects with his body and thus with his emotional, and then reflects at the stage of comments about what has been experienced at the cognitive level.

What difficulties can they have?

The conflicts that can be treated are fears, anxieties, self-esteem, social, family, employment and partners, internal conflicts and other psychopathologies, among others.

Examples of use

M. (25), claims that she still feels for her ex-love partner, located in her body as a tingling in the mouth of her stomach every time she sees him with his current partner (stage of warming). Using plastilin, she molds how she feels, making a hammer (stage of dramatization). Realizing that it's not the emotion that she indicates a priori but anxiety, because every time she sees him she's reminded that she's alone (stage of comments).

Can we have an online psychodrama?

online session psychodrama
online session psychodrama

Yeah, you just have to have a space where you feel comfortable and secure and good Internet connection. We can use materials such as plasticine, paper and pencils.

Further reading

Mercader Larios, C. (2013). Teoría y técnica del psicodrama. Apuntes de Psicología, 31 (3), 321-325.

Ramírez, C. A. (2013). Aplicación de técnicas psicodramáticas en un taller de autoestima. Apuntes de Psicología, 31(3), 373-378.

Rojas García, B. (2013). Anorexia nerviosa y psicodrama: intervención a través de la silueta. Apuntes de Psicología, 31 (3), 379-384.

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